Core concepts

Optimizely Feature Experimentation provides a general interface for running experiments throughout your applications and services. Because you will likely have many teams running experiments in different parts of your stack with varying requirements, Optimizely has designed Feature Experimentation for maximum customization. You use projects, environments, flags, datafiles, and clients to adapt a Feature Experimentation SDK to your developmental workflow.

Feature flags

Feature flags are more than simple on or off toggles for exposing features. You can add remote configuration variables to flag variations and build A/B tests on top of feature flags. You can access the information about a flag decision for a particular user in the SDK using the Decide methods, including the flag's on or off status, its variable values, its variation key, and whether the flag dispatched a decision event to trigger an impression in experiment results, and more.

Flag rules

Flag rules are how you enable and run flag deliveries and experiments.

Projects

A Feature Experimentation project lets you isolate each of your teams or applications in a separate shared workspace. Projects are where a team builds experiments, manages feature flags, defines target audiences, and more. Each project has its own set of permissions.

Projects have a many-to-many relationship with your application stack. You can have many different projects to manage different parts of a single application or use a single project to manage omnichannel experiments across your website back-end and mobile app.

Because your account already includes a project, creating another project is an optional step. See Manage projects.

Environments

Use environments in Optimizely to develop and validate your experiment internally before displaying changes to your production website, whether you use a formal deployment environment or not. Each project can have one or more environments.

For example, it is common to set up both staging and production environments in Optimizely. You will often develop and QA your experiments in staging, and deploy to production when you are ready. You can set up different permissions for who can make changes in each of these environments.Interactions between flag rules

Ruleset

A ruleset is a collection of rules associated with a flag within a specific environment. For details on how Feature Experimentation users qualify for these rules and the order in which they are executed, see Interactions between flag rules.

Datafile (OptimizelyConfig)

Each environment in a project has a corresponding OptimizelyConfig, which is serialized as a datafile. This file captures the configuration data of all your experiments, such as feature flags and event tracking, in a JSON format. When you make changes in a project, each environment's datafile is automatically updated with the new configuration. By synchronizing a local copy of this datafile, the SDK can run experiments without blocking network requests to an outside API, ensuring near-zero latency.

Datafile changes are also uploaded to the Optimizely content delivery network (CDN), cdn.optimizely.com, and this process generally takes a few minutes.

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Note

When Optimizely actually fetches an updated datafile from the CDN depends on the specific SDK and version, the synchronization method, and the local cached copy version.

Optimizely generates a different version of the datafile for each environment you configure on your account. This lets you toggle a feature flag in one environment while keeping it paused in another. You do not need to duplicate your code, your Optimizely project, or experiments within your project.

Clients

A client is an instance of the Optimizely SDK running with a specific datafile and other configuration settings. To use the SDK, get the appropriate datafile and then instantiate a client with it. This client exposes all the methods you need to decide if a user sees a flag, track events, and perform other tasks.

The Android, Flutter, and Swift SDKs (also called the mobile SDKs) offer the additional abstraction of a client manager. The manager handles syncing datafiles and generating the associated clients for you, along with other optimizations around event dispatching and persisting user state on the device. Using the manager is optional, and you can instantiate a client directly if you prefer complete control.

Impressions and decisions

An impression is a unit of measurement of flag usage. Optimizely Feature Experimentation counts an impression each time the SDK sends a decision event. See impressions for information about the following:

• When Optimizely sends impressions and when Optimizely does not.
• How Optimizely uses impressions to calculate data for the Optimizely Experiment Results page.
• Which method to use to generate or not generate impressions for certain use cases.

Impression in Optimizely Experimentation provides additional information about impressions, including the differences between how impressions are counted in Optimizely Feature Experimentation in contrast to Optimizely Web Experimentation.

Next steps

See the following links for explanations of core concepts and reference topics:

• Flag deliveries
• A/B tests
• Flag variations
• How bucketing works
• How impressions trigger
• Interactions between flag rules